Chemical Information:
- IUPAC Name: 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
- Common Name: TFE
- CAS Number: 75-89-8
- Molecular Formula: C₂H₃F₃O
- Molecular Weight: 100.04 g/mol
Structure and Properties:
- Chemical Structure: 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol consists of an ethyl group with three fluorine atoms replacing the hydrogen atoms in the terminal methyl group and an alcohol group attached to the other carbon. Its structure is represented as CF₃CH₂OH.
- Appearance: It is a colorless liquid with a mild, alcohol-like odor.
- Boiling Point: Approximately 74°C
- Melting Point: Approximately -44°C
- Density: 1.383 g/cm³
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents, including methanol, ethanol, acetone, and diethyl ether.
Chemical Behavior:
- Reactivity: 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol is a stable compound under normal conditions. It can act as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.
- Hydrogen Bonding: Due to the presence of both electronegative fluorine atoms and a hydroxyl group, TFE can form strong hydrogen bonds, influencing its physical properties and reactivity.
Applications:
- Solvent: Due to its unique properties, TFE is widely used in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. It is particularly effective for dissolving polar polymers and proteins.
- Pharmaceuticals: It is used as a solvent and reagent in synthesizing pharmaceuticals. Its ability to stabilize protein structures makes it useful in protein and enzyme studies.
- Polymer Chemistry: TFE is used in producing and modifying fluoropolymers and other specialized polymers, often imparting desirable properties such as increased thermal stability and chemical resistance.
- Organic Synthesis: It serves as a reagent in various organic reactions, including preparing trifluoroacetyl compounds and as a source of the trifluoromethyl group.
- Biochemical Research: TFE is used in protein folding studies due to its ability to stabilize secondary structures such as alpha helices and beta sheets.
Safety and Handling:
- Hazards: 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol is flammable and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects.
- Protective Measures: Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats should be worn. Work with TFE should be conducted in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a fume hood.
- Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, away from sources of ignition and incompatible substances like strong oxidizers.
Environmental Impact:
- Degradation: 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol is relatively persistent in the environment but can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Its environmental impact is generally considered low, but precautions should be taken to avoid significant releases.
- Disposal: Local regulations govern the disposal of TFE, which typically requires containment and disposal as hazardous waste.
Regulatory Information:
- Regulatory Status: Due to its flammability and potential health hazards, TFE is subject to regulations regarding its handling, storage, and disposal. It is classified as a hazardous substance under various national and international guidelines.
By understanding the chemical properties, applications, and safety measures associated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, researchers and industry professionals can effectively utilize this versatile solvent and reagent in various scientific and industrial processes while ensuring safety and regulatory compliance.