Chemical Information:
- IUPAC Name: Cesium Carbonate
- Common Name: Cesium Carbonate
- CAS Number: 534-17-8
- Molecular Formula: Cs₂CO₃
- Molecular Weight: 325.82 g/mol
Structure and Properties:
- Chemical Structure: Cesium carbonate is composed of two cesium ions (Cs⁺) and one carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻). Its structure is ionic, with cesium ions and carbonate ions forming a crystalline lattice.
- Appearance: It is a white crystalline powder.
- Melting Point: Decomposes at approximately 610°C
- Density: 4.072 g/cm³
- Solubility: Soluble in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution; slightly soluble in alcohol.
Chemical Behavior:
- Basicity: Cesium carbonate is a strong base. In aqueous solution, it dissociates completely into cesium ions and carbonate ions, resulting in a high pH.
- Stability: It is stable under normal conditions but decomposes upon heating to release carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Applications:
- Organic Synthesis: Cesium carbonates is widely used as a base in organic synthesis. It is particularly useful in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, and Stille couplings.
- Pharmaceuticals: It serves as a reagent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. Its high solubility in organic solvents makes it a preferred base in many drug development processes.
- Catalysis: It is used as a catalyst or a catalyst support in various chemical reactions. Its basic nature can enhance the activity and selectivity of certain catalytic processes.
- Electronics: Cesium carbonates is used in the production of perovskite solar cells and other advanced electronic materials. It can enhance the performance and stability of these materials.
- Glass and Ceramics: It is used in the manufacture of specialty glass and ceramics, imparting unique properties such as improved optical quality and increased durability.
Safety and Handling:
- Hazards: Cesium carbonate is highly alkaline and can cause severe irritation or burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Inhalation of dust can cause respiratory irritation.
- Protective Measures: Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats should be worn. Work with cesium carbonates should be conducted in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a fume hood.
- Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, away from moisture and incompatible substances like strong acids.
Environmental Impact:
- Degradation: Cesium carbonates is stable in the environment but can contribute to alkalinity if released in large quantities.
- Disposal: Disposal of cesium carbonate must be carried out in accordance with local regulations, typically requiring containment and disposal as hazardous waste.
Regulatory Information:
- Regulatory Status: Cesium carbonates is subject to regulations regarding its handling, storage, and disposal due to its hazardous nature. It is classified as a dangerous substance under various national and international guidelines.