Chemical Information:
- IUPAC Name: Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- Common Name: Triflic acid
- CAS Number: 1493-13-6
- Molecular Formula: CF₃SO₃H
- Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol
Structure and Properties:
- Chemical Structure: Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is a sulfonic acid group attached to a trifluoromethyl group. Its structure is represented as CF₃-SO₃H.
- Appearance: It is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid.
- Boiling Point: Approximately 162°C
- Melting Point: Approximately -40°C
- Density: 1.696 g/cm³
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents such as acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Chemical Behavior:
- Acidity: Triflic acid is one of the strongest acids known, with a pKa of approximately -14, making it significantly stronger than sulfuric acid.
- Stability: It is thermally stable and non-oxidizing. However, it is highly corrosive, particularly to organic materials and metals, necessitating careful handling and appropriate protective measures.
Applications:
- Catalysis: Triflic acid is widely used as a catalyst in organic synthesis due to its strong acidic properties. It is particularly useful in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions.
- Organic Synthesis: It is employed in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. Its ability to donate protons easily makes it valuable in the formation of complex organic molecules.
- Polymer Chemistry: In the field of polymer chemistry, triflic acid is used to produce highly stable and heat-resistant polymers.
- Electronics: It finds applications in the electronics industry, particularly in the production of photoresists and other advanced materials.
Safety and Handling:
- Hazards: Triflic acid is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Inhalation of vapors can lead to respiratory irritation or damage.
- Protective Measures: Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and acid-resistant clothing should be worn. Work with triflic acid should be conducted in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a fume hood.
- Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as PTFE or glass, away from moisture and incompatible substances like strong bases and oxidizing agents.
Environmental Impact:
- Degradation: Triflic acid is relatively stable in the environment, but its high acidity can pose risks to aquatic life if released in significant quantities.
- Disposal: Disposal of triflic acid must be carried out in accordance with local regulations, typically requiring neutralization followed by disposal as hazardous waste.
Regulatory Information:
- Regulatory Status: Triflic acid is subject to regulations regarding its handling, storage, and disposal due to its hazardous nature. It is classified as a dangerous substance under various national and international guidelines.
By understanding the chemical properties, applications, and safety measures associated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, researchers and industry professionals can effectively utilize this potent acid in various scientific and industrial processes while ensuring safety and regulatory compliance.