Overview
Chloroacetonitrile is an important organic compound used in various industrial and chemical processes. Known for its reactivity and utility as an intermediate in organic synthesis, it plays a crucial role in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other fine chemicals. This post provides a detailed overview of chloroacetonitrile, including its chemical properties, applications, and safety measures.
Description
Chloroacetonitrile is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. It is an aliphatic nitrile and halogenated organic compound, making it highly reactive and useful in a variety of chemical reactions.
Product Information
- IUPAC Name: Chloroacetonitrile
- Common Name: Chloroacetonitrile
- CAS Number: 107-14-2
- Molecular Formula: C₂H₂ClN
- Molecular Weight: 75.50 g/mol
- Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
- Boiling Point: 123-125°C
- Density: 1.18 g/cm³
- Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and ether
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Applications
- Organic Synthesis
- Chloroacetonitrile is widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
- Pharmaceuticals
- It serves as a building block in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
- Agrochemicals
- Used in the synthesis of herbicides, pesticides, and other agrochemical products.
- Chemical Research
- Employed in academic and industrial research for studying new synthetic methodologies and reaction mechanisms.
- Industrial Applications
- Utilized in the manufacturing of dyes, plastics, and other industrial chemicals.
Physicochemical Information
- Molecular Formula: C₂H₂ClN
- Molecular Weight: 75.50 g/mol
- Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
- Boiling Point: 123-125°C
- Density: 1.18 g/cm³
- Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and ether
Safety Information According to GHS
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Hazard Statements:
- H301: Toxic if swallowed
- H311: Toxic in contact with skin
- H331: Toxic if inhaled
- H315: Causes skin irritation
- H319: Causes serious eye irritation
- H335: May cause respiratory irritation
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Precautionary Statements:
- P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
- P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
- P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
- P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
- P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
- P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
Safety Information
- Hazards: Chloroacetonitrile is toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin. It causes skin and eye irritation and may cause respiratory irritation. Handle with extreme care to avoid exposure.
- Protective Measures: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats. Work with chloroacetonitrile should be conducted in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a fume hood.
- Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers, away from light, moisture, and incompatible substances.
Storage and Shipping Information
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers. Protect from light and moisture.
- Shipping Information: Transport according to local regulations. Ensure containers are secure and upright during transit to prevent leaks.
Transport Information
- UN Number: 2668
- Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
- Packing Group: II
- Proper Shipping Name: Chloroacetonitrile
Specifications
- Purity: Typically >98%
- Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
- Boiling Point: 123-125°C
- Density: 1.18 g/cm³
Related Products & Applications
- Acetonitrile: Used in similar applications for organic synthesis and as a solvent in various chemical processes.
- Bromacetonitrile: Another halogenated nitrile used in organic synthesis.
- Cyanogen Bromide: Employed in peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic chemistry.
- Aliphatic Nitriles: A wide range of nitriles used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and industrial chemicals.